Scratch to Python Dictionary

Motion Blocks

• move (10) steps → x += 10 * cos(radians(direction)); y += 10 * sin(radians(direction)) Lib: math
  
• turn clockwise (15) degrees → direction += 15 Lib: None
  
• turn counterclockwise (15) degrees → direction -= 15 Lib: None
  
• go to x:(0) y:(0) → x = 0; y = 0 Lib: None
  
• glide (1) secs to x:(0) y:(0) → smooth_move(x, y, 1) Lib: time
  
• point in direction (90) → direction = 90 Lib: None
  
• change x by (10) → x += 10 Lib: None
  
• set x to (0) → x = 0 Lib: None
  
• change y by (10) → y += 10 Lib: None
  
• set y to (0) → y = 0 Lib: None
  
• if on edge, bounce → bounce_if_edge() Lib: Custom
  
• set rotation style [left-right, don't rotate, all around] → rotation_style = "left-right" Lib: None
  

Looks Blocks

• say [Hello!] for (2) seconds → print("Hello!"); time.sleep(2) Lib: time
  
• say [Hello!] → print("Hello!") Lib: None
  
• think [Hmm...] for (2) seconds → print("(thinking) Hmm..."); time.sleep(2) Lib: time
  
• switch costume to [costume2] → costume = "costume2" Lib: None
  
• next costume → costume_index = (costume_index + 1) % len(costumes) Lib: None
  
• change size by (10) → size += 10 Lib: None
  
• set size to (100)% → size = 100 Lib: None
  
• show → visible = True Lib: None
  
• hide → visible = False Lib: None
  
• go to front layer → layer = "front" Lib: None
  
• go back (1) layers → layer -= 1 Lib: None
  

Sound Blocks

• play sound [meow] → playsound("meow.wav") Lib: playsound
  
• play sound [meow] until done → playsound("meow.wav", block=True) Lib: playsound
  
• stop all sounds → pygame.mixer.stop() Lib: pygame
  
• change pitch effect by (10) → sound_pitch += 10 Lib: pydub or custom
  
• set volume to (100)% → volume = 100 Lib: pygame
  

Events Blocks

• when green flag clicked → def on_start(): Lib: None
  
• when [space] key pressed → on_key("space") Lib: keyboard
  
• when this sprite clicked → on_click() Lib: Custom
  
• broadcast [message1] → send("message1") Lib: Custom
  
• broadcast [message1] and wait → send_and_wait("message1") Lib: Custom
  
• when I receive [message1] → on_message("message1") Lib: Custom
  

Control Blocks

NOTE: Replace condition with the condition or equation you want (e.g. if i = 10: )

• wait (1) seconds → time.sleep(1) Lib: time
  
• repeat (10) → for i in range(10): Lib: None
  
• forever → while True: Lib: None
  
• if then → if condition: Lib: None
  
• if then else → if condition: else: Lib: None
  
• wait until → while not condition: pass Lib: None
  
• repeat until → while not condition: Lib: None
  
• stop [all, this script, other scripts] → sys.exit() or return Lib: sys
  
• create clone of [myself] → clone_object(self) Lib: Custom
  
• when I start as a clone → on_clone_start() Lib: Custom
  
• delete this clone → delete(self) Lib: Custom
  

Sensing Blocks

• touching [sprite1]? → touching("sprite1") Lib: Custom
  
• mouse down? → mouse.is_pressed() Lib: pygame
  
• mouse x → mouse.x Lib: pygame
  
• mouse y → mouse.y Lib: pygame
  
• key [space] pressed? → keyboard.is_pressed("space") Lib: keyboard
  
• loudness → get_microphone_level() Lib: sounddevice or pyaudio
  
• timer → time.time() - timer_start Lib: time
  
• reset timer → timer_start = time.time() Lib: time
  
• current [year/month/date/hour/minute/second] → datetime.now().year etc. Lib: datetime
  

Operators

• Arithmetic, comparison, logic, and string operations: use built-in Python; no additional libraries.
  
• Random: pick random (1) to (10) → random.randint(1,10) Lib: random
  

Variables & Lists

• set [score] to (0) → score = 0 Lib: None
  
• change [score] by (1) → score += 1 Lib: None
  
• add [thing] to [list] → list.append("thing") Lib: None
  
• delete (1) of [list] → del list[0] Lib: None
  
• length of [list] → len(list) Lib: None
  
• contains? → "thing" in list Lib: None
  

TurboWarp Extensions (with Libraries)

Animated Text

• animated text ["Hello"] at x:(0) y:(0) → display_text("Hello", 0, 0) Lib: Custom
  
• animate text ["Hello"] by [wave] → animate_text("Hello", style="wave") Lib: Custom
  

Face Sensing

• face detected? → detect_face() != None Lib: opencv-python
  
• face x position → face_coords[0] Lib: opencv-python
  
• face y position → face_coords[1] Lib: opencv-python
  
• face size → face_size Lib: opencv-python
  

Stretch

• set stretch x to (1.5) → scale_x = 1.5 Lib: Custom
  
• set stretch y to (0.5) → scale_y = 0.5 Lib: Custom
  
• reset stretch → scale_x = 1; scale_y = 1 Lib: Custom
  

Gamepad

• when gamepad button [0] pressed → on_gamepad_press(0) Lib: pygame
  
• gamepad button [0] down? → gamepad.is_pressed(0) Lib: pygame
  
• gamepad axis [0] value → gamepad.get_axis(0) Lib: pygame
  

Box2D Physics

• set gravity to (0, -9.8) → world.gravity = (0, -9.8) Lib: pymunk or pybox2d
  
• create physics sprite → physics_body = create_body() Lib: pymunk
  
• apply force (10, 0) to sprite → body.apply_force((10,0)) Lib: pymunk
  
• set restitution (0.5) → body.restitution = 0.5 Lib: pymunk
  

Files

• read file ["data.json"] → open("data.json").read() Lib: None
  
• write file ["log.txt"] contents ["hello"] → open("log.txt","w").write("hello") Lib: None
  

Pointer Lock / Mouse

• enable pointer lock → enable_pointer_lock() Lib: Custom
  
• pointer movement x change → mouse.dx Lib: pygame
  
• pointer movement y change → mouse.dy Lib: pygame
  

Mouse Cursor

• hide cursor → hide_cursor() Lib: pygame
  
• show cursor → show_cursor() Lib: pygame
  
• set cursor to costume [cursor1] → set_cursor("cursor1.png") Lib: pygame
  

Runtime Options

• set framerate to (60) → clock.tick(60) Lib: pygame
  
• get framerate → clock.get_fps() Lib: pygame
  
• set stage width to (800) height to (600) → set_screen_size(800,600) Lib: pygame
  
• enable turbo mode → turbo = True Lib: Custom
  

Fetch / Networking

• fetch ["https://..."] → requests.get("https://...").text Lib: requests
  
• fetch JSON ["https://..."] → requests.get("https://...").json() Lib: requests
  
• post to ["url"] with data [dict] → requests.post("url", json=data).json() Lib: requests
  

Text Utilities

• text length of ["hello"] → len("hello") Lib: None
  
• uppercase ["hello"] → "hello".upper() Lib: None
  
• lowercase ["Hello"] → "Hello".lower() Lib: None
  
• replace ["hello world"] "world" with "there" → "hello world".replace("world","there") Lib: None
  
• reverse ["hello"] → "hello"[::-1] Lib: None
  
• substring of ["hello"] from (1) to (3) → "hello"[0:3] Lib: None
  
• index of ["lo"] in ["hello"] → "hello".find("lo") + 1 Lib: None
  

Local Storage

• set [score] to [100] in storage → local["score"] = "100" Lib: json or pickle
  
• get [score] from storage → local.get("score", "") Lib: json or pickle
  
• delete [score] from storage → del local["score"] Lib: json or pickle
  
• delete storage → local.clear() Lib: json or pickle
  

User Interface (UI) Reference — Scratch → Python Equivalents (with Libraries)

Stage & Screen

• set stage size to (width) (height) → screen = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height)) Lib: pygame
  
• set stage color to [color] → screen.fill((r, g, b)) Lib: pygame
  
• set background to [backdrop1] → background = load_image("backdrop1.png"); screen.blit(background, (0, 0)) Lib: pygame + PIL or pygame.image
  
• switch backdrop to [next backdrop] → backdrop_index = (backdrop_index + 1) % len(backdrops); background = load_image(backdrops[backdrop_index]) Lib: pygame
  
• show backdrop [name] → background = load_image(f"{name}.png") Lib: pygame
  
• hide backdrop → background = None Lib: pygame
  

Sprites

• create sprite [sprite1] from ["sprite.png"] → sprite1 = Sprite("sprite.png", x=0, y=0) Lib: pygame
  
• show sprite [sprite1] → sprite1.visible = True Lib: pygame
  
• hide sprite [sprite1] → sprite1.visible = False Lib: pygame
  
• set sprite [sprite1] position to x:(0) y:(0) → sprite1.x, sprite1.y = 0, 0 Lib: pygame
  
• change sprite [sprite1] costume to [costume2] → sprite1.set_costume("costume2.png") Lib: pygame
  
• set sprite [sprite1] rotation to (90) → sprite1.angle = 90 Lib: pygame
  
• scale sprite [sprite1] by (1.5) → sprite1.scale = 1.5 Lib: pygame
  
• set sprite [sprite1] opacity to (80)% → sprite1.opacity = 0.8 Lib: pygame
  

Buttons

• create button ["Click me"] at x:(100) y:(50) → button = UIButton("Click me", (100, 50)) Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• when button ["Click me"] clicked → button.on_click = lambda: print("Clicked!") Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• set button color to [gold] → button.color = (255, 215, 0) Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• hide button ["Click me"] → button.visible = False Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• disable button ["Click me"] → button.enabled = False Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  

Labels & Text

• create label ["Score:"] at x:(0) y:(0) → label = UILabel("Score:", (0, 0)) Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• set label ["Score:"] text to ["Score: 10"] → label.text = "Score: 10" Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• set label color to [white] → label.color = (255, 255, 255) Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• show label ["Score:"] → label.visible = True Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• hide label ["Score:"] → label.visible = False Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  

Input Fields

• create input ["Enter name"] at x:(100) y:(200) → input_box = UITextInput("Enter name", (100, 200)) Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• get input ["Enter name"] value → name = input_box.text Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• clear input ["Enter name"] → input_box.text = "" Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• disable input ["Enter name"] → input_box.enabled = False Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  

Sliders

• create slider [volume] from (0) to (100) default (50) at x:(150) y:(300) → slider = UISlider(0, 100, 50, (150, 300)) Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• get slider [volume] value → value = slider.value Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• set slider [volume] to (75) → slider.value = 75 Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• when slider [volume] changed → slider.on_change = lambda val: print(val) Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  

Checkboxes & Toggles

• create checkbox ["Enable Sound"] default (true) at x:(200) y:(350) → checkbox = UICheckbox("Enable Sound", True, (200, 350)) Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• get checkbox ["Enable Sound"] state → state = checkbox.checked Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• set checkbox ["Enable Sound"] to (false) → checkbox.checked = False Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  

Messages / Alerts

• show alert ["You Win!"] → show_message("You Win!") Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• show confirm ["Are you sure?"] → confirmed = confirm_dialog("Are you sure?") Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• show prompt ["Enter your name"] → name = prompt_dialog("Enter your name") Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  

Menus

• create dropdown ["Difficulty"] options ["Easy", "Medium", "Hard"] at x:(200) y:(400) → menu = UIDropdown(["Easy", "Medium", "Hard"], (200, 400)) Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• get dropdown ["Difficulty"] selected option → difficulty = menu.selected Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• set dropdown ["Difficulty"] to ["Medium"] → menu.selected = "Medium" Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  

Progress Bars

• create progress bar [loading] max (100) at x:(100) y:(450) → progress = UIProgressBar(0, 100, (100, 450)) Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• set progress bar [loading] to (50) → progress.value = 50 Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• increase progress bar [loading] by (10) → progress.value += 10 Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  

Dialog Windows

• open window ["Settings"] size (400x300) → settings_window = UIWindow("Settings", (400, 300)) Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• close window ["Settings"] → settings_window.close() Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  
• show window ["Settings"] → settings_window.show() Lib: tkinter or pygame_gui
  

Mouse Interaction

• mouse over [sprite1]? → sprite1.collides_with(mouse) Lib: pygame
  
• mouse clicked on [sprite1]? → mouse.is_pressed() and sprite1.collides_with(mouse) Lib: pygame
  

UI Animations

• fade in [sprite1] over (1) sec → sprite1.fade_in(1) Lib: pygame or pygame_gui
  
• fade out [sprite1] over (1) sec → sprite1.fade_out(1) Lib: pygame or pygame_gui
  
• move [sprite1] to x:(100) y:(100) over (1) sec → sprite1.move_to((100,100), duration=1) Lib: pygame
  
• rotate [sprite1] by (90) over (1) sec → sprite1.rotate_by(90, duration=1) Lib: pygame
  

Perfect! Here’s the Stage Camera / 3D Effects, Particles, and Advanced Visual Effects section rewritten with explicit library references for every block.

Stage Camera & 3D UI / Visual Effects — Scratch → Python Equivalents (with Libraries)

Camera Position & Movement

• set camera x to (0) y to (0) → camera.x, camera.y = 0, 0 Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• move camera by x:(10) y:(5) → camera.x += 10; camera.y += 5 Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• center camera on [sprite1] → camera.center_on(sprite1) Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• pan camera to x:(100) y:(200) over (1) sec → camera.pan_to((100, 200), duration=1) Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• zoom camera to (1.5) → camera.zoom = 1.5 Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• zoom camera by (0.2) → camera.zoom += 0.2 Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• rotate camera by (30) degrees → camera.rotation += 30 Lib: pygame or arcade
  

Parallax Background

• set parallax layer [1] speed (0.5) → background_layers[1].parallax_speed = 0.5 Lib: pygame
  
• move parallax layer [2] x by (10) y by (0) → background_layers[2].x += 10 * background_layers[2].parallax_speed Lib: pygame
  

Filters / Effects

• apply color filter [red] to stage → stage.add_filter(ColorFilter("red")) Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• apply blur filter (5 px) to stage → stage.add_filter(BlurFilter(5)) Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• clear all stage filters → stage.clear_filters() Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• apply sprite [sprite1] brightness (20) → sprite1.add_filter(BrightnessFilter(20)) Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• apply sprite [sprite1] contrast (-10) → sprite1.add_filter(ContrastFilter(-10)) Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• apply sprite [sprite1] custom shader [shader_name] → sprite1.add_shader(load_shader("shader_name")) Lib: pygame or moderngl
  

Screen Shake / Camera Effects

• shake camera intensity (5) duration (0.5 sec) → camera.shake(intensity=5, duration=0.5) Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• screen flash color [white] duration (0.3 sec) → stage.flash(color=(255,255,255), duration=0.3) Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• fade screen to color [black] over (1 sec) → stage.fade_to_color((0,0,0), duration=1) Lib: pygame or arcade
  

3D Transformations (Optional / TurboWarp Advanced)

• rotate stage around x:(30) y:(0) z:(0) → stage.rotate_3d(x=30, y=0, z=0) Lib: moderngl or pyglet
  
• zoom stage in 3D by (1.2) → stage.zoom_3d(1.2) Lib: moderngl or pyglet
  
• tilt stage by (15) degrees → stage.tilt(15) Lib: moderngl or pyglet
  
• apply 3D perspective effect → stage.set_perspective(fov=60, near=0.1, far=1000) Lib: moderngl or pyglet
  

Sprite Depth & Layering

• set sprite [sprite1] z-index to (5) → sprite1.z = 5 Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• bring sprite [sprite1] to front → sprite1.z = max_z_index + 1 Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• send sprite [sprite1] to back → sprite1.z = 0 Lib: pygame or arcade
  

Motion Trails & Afterimages

• enable motion trail for sprite [sprite1] length (10) → sprite1.enable_trail(length=10) Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• disable motion trail for sprite [sprite1] → sprite1.disable_trail() Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• clear all trails → stage.clear_trails() Lib: pygame or arcade
  

Lighting & Shadows

• set light direction to x:(0) y:(0) z:(-1) → stage.light_direction = (0,0,-1) Lib: pygame or moderngl
  
• set shadow intensity to (0.5) → stage.shadow_intensity = 0.5 Lib: pygame or moderngl
  
• enable dynamic shadows → stage.dynamic_shadows = True Lib: pygame or moderngl
  

Particle Systems & Advanced Visual Effects — Scratch → Python Equivalents (with Libraries)

Creating Particles

• create particle at x:(0) y:(0) → particle = Particle(position=(0,0)) Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• create particle at sprite [sprite1] → particle = Particle(position=sprite1.position) Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• set particle color to [red] → particle.color = (255,0,0) Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• set particle size to (5) → particle.size = 5 Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• set particle lifetime to (2) seconds → particle.lifetime = 2 Lib: pygame or arcade
  

Emission

• emit particle every (0.1) sec → particle_emitter.emit_interval = 0.1 Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• emit (10) particles at once → particle_emitter.emit(count=10) Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• set emission direction to (90) degrees → particle_emitter.direction = 90 Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• set emission speed to (5) → particle_emitter.speed = 5 Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• set emission spread to (30) degrees → particle_emitter.spread = 30 Lib: pygame or arcade
  

Particle Behavior

• apply gravity to particles (0, -9.8) → particle.gravity = (0, -9.8) Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• apply wind to particles x:(1) y:(0) → particle.force = (1,0) Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• fade particles over (2) sec → particle.fade(duration=2) Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• shrink particles over (2) sec → particle.shrink(duration=2) Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• rotate particles by (30) deg/sec → particle.rotation_speed = 30 Lib: pygame or arcade
  

Particle Colors & Effects

• randomize particle color → particle.color = random_color() Lib: random + pygame or arcade
  
• cycle particle colors [red, green, blue] → particle.cycle_colors(["red","green","blue"]) Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• apply glow effect to particles → particle.add_effect(GlowEffect()) Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• add trail to particle → particle.enable_trail(length=5) Lib: pygame or arcade
  

Particle Systems (Emitters)

• create emitter at x:(0) y:(0) → emitter = ParticleEmitter(position=(0,0)) Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• set emitter shape to [circle, square, line] → emitter.shape = "circle" Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• start emitter → emitter.start() Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• stop emitter → emitter.stop() Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• clear all particles → emitter.clear() Lib: pygame or arcade
  

Sparkle / Glitter Effects

• create sparkle at x:(100) y:(200) count (20) → for _ in range(20): Particle(position=(100,200), color=random_color(), size=random.randint(2,5)) Lib: pygame + random
  
• sparkle follow sprite [sprite1] → emitter.position = sprite1.position; emitter.start() Lib: pygame
  

Smoke / Fire Effects

• create smoke at x:(0) y:(0) color [gray] → particle = Particle(position=(0,0), color=(128,128,128)); particle.behavior = "smoke" Lib: pygame
  
• create fire at x:(0) y:(0) → particle = Particle(position=(0,0), color=(255,100,0)); particle.behavior = "fire" Lib: pygame
  

Snow / Rain / Weather

• create snow particle at top of screen → particle = Particle(position=(random_x(),0), color=(255,255,255)) Lib: pygame + random
  
• create rain particle at top of screen → particle = Particle(position=(random_x(),0), color=(100,100,255)) Lib: pygame + random
  
• apply wind (x=1) → particle.force = (1,0) Lib: pygame
  

Collision / Interactions

• particles collide with sprite [sprite1]? → particle.collides_with(sprite1) Lib: pygame
  
• bounce particles off edges → particle.bounce_if_edge() Lib: pygame
  
• particles destroy on collision with [sprite2] → if particle.collides_with(sprite2): particle.destroy() Lib: pygame
  

Performance / Advanced Options

• limit particle count to (500) → particle_system.max_particles = 500 Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• update particles every frame → particle_system.update(dt) Lib: pygame or arcade
  
• render particles on layer [foreground] → particle_system.render(layer="foreground") Lib: pygame or arcade
  

Perfect! Here’s the Audio & Sound Extensions section rewritten with explicit library references for every block, fully integrated into your Scratch → Python dictionary.

Audio & Sound Extensions — Scratch → Python Equivalents (with Libraries)

Playing Sounds

• play sound [meow] → playsound("meow.wav") Lib: playsound or pygame.mixer
  
• play sound [meow] until done → playsound("meow.wav", block=True) Lib: playsound or pygame.mixer
  
• stop all sounds → pygame.mixer.stop() Lib: pygame.mixer
  
• set volume to (50)% → pygame.mixer.music.set_volume(0.5) Lib: pygame.mixer
  
• change pitch by (10) → sound.set_pitch(10) Lib: pydub or aubio or pygame.sndarray
  

Synthesizers

• play note (60) for (1) beat → synth.play(note=60, duration=1) Lib: pyo or pygame.midi
  
• stop all notes → synth.stop_all() Lib: pyo
  
• change instrument to [piano] → synth.set_instrument("piano") Lib: pyo
  

Audio Effects

• apply reverb to sound → sound = apply_reverb(sound) Lib: pydub or scipy
  
• apply echo to sound → sound = apply_echo(sound, delay=0.3, decay=0.5) Lib: pydub
  
• apply filter [lowpass] cutoff (1000 Hz) → sound = lowpass_filter(sound, cutoff=1000) Lib: pydub
  
• apply filter [highpass] cutoff (500 Hz) → sound = highpass_filter(sound, cutoff=500) Lib: pydub
  

URL / Streaming Audio

• play sound from URL ["https://..."] → download_file("https://...", "temp.wav"); playsound("temp.wav") Lib: requests + playsound or pygame.mixer
  
• fetch audio from URL and analyze → audio_data = requests.get(url).content; process(audio_data) Lib: requests + pydub + numpy
  

Audio Analysis

• loudness → get_microphone_level() Lib: sounddevice or pyaudio
  
• FFT / frequency spectrum → spectrum = np.fft.fft(audio_signal) Lib: numpy + scipy
  
• beat detection → beats = detect_beats(audio_signal) Lib: librosa or pyo
  

Microphone Input

• start microphone → mic = Microphone(); mic.start() Lib: sounddevice or pyaudio
  
• stop microphone → mic.stop() Lib: sounddevice or pyaudio
  
• get microphone level → mic.get_level() Lib: sounddevice or pyaudio
  

Sound Utilities

• fade in sound (2 sec) → sound.fade_in(2) Lib: pydub
  
• fade out sound (2 sec) → sound.fade_out(2) Lib: pydub
  
• change playback speed by (1.5x) → sound = speed_change(sound, 1.5) Lib: pydub
  
• loop sound indefinitely → sound.loop = True; sound.play() Lib: pygame.mixer or pyo